1. Jambu-dvipa was considered to be the innermost of seven concentric islandcontinents into which the earth, as per Hindu cosmographers, was supposed to have been divided. The Indian sub-continent is said to bepart of Jambu-dvipa.
2. Sapta sindhavah is the name of the country of the Aryans in the Vedas.
3. The Negritos were the first human inhabitants of India. Originally, they came from Africa through Arabia, Iran and Baluchistan. They have practically disappeared from the soil of India, except in Andaman Islands.
4. Prakit was the single language of Indian sub-continent in third century B.C. Sanskrit came into being a few centuries later.
5. With the advent of age of metals, in Northern India, copper replaced stone as ordinary material for tools and weapons. And, it took several centuries for iron to replace copper. In Southern India, however, the Iron Age immediately succeeded the Stone Age.
6. The Indus civilization existed in the same period as those of Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia.
7. It is presumed that Iron was not known to the Indus Valley civilisation as not a single scrap of iron has been found in the excavations at various sites.
8. The most important feature of houses of Mohenjodaro is the presence in them of one or more bathrooms, the floors of which were fully laid and connected by means of drainage channels with the main street.
9. The people of Indus Valley also practiced the worship of Lings and Yoni symbols.
10. The Dravadians are thought to have come to India from eastern Mediterranean. At one time the Dravadian culture was spread throughout India.
11. The Dravadian language is still spoken by the Brahui people of Baluchistan.
12. In the early vedic period river Ravi was known as Parushni, river Jhelum as Vitasta, Chenab as Asikni, Beas as Vipas and Sutlej as Sutudri.
13. The Veda consists of four different classes of literary compositions: (a) the Mantra constitutes the oldest division of Vedic literature and is distributed in four Samhitas or collections known as the Rig, Sama, Yajur and the Atharva; (b) Brahmanas are the second class of Vedic works. They are mainly prose texts containing observations on sacrifice; (c) Aranyakas or forest texts are books of instruction to be given in the forest or writings meant for wood-dwelling hermits; (d) Lastly there are the Upnishads which are either imbedded in the Aranyakas or form their supplements.
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